Bertrannus Berstand

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• AFN: 8XJ1-Z0

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• AFN: 8XHZ-ZQ

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William II "Rufus" King Of England became king in 1087. He was called Rufus,
meaning red, because of his ruddy complexion. Lustful for power and completely
illiterate, he ruled with violence rather than strength. The clergy denounced
his brutality and his infringements on church rights.

In 1088, several powerful Norman barons revolted against William. He put down
the revolt and strengthened his position. Later, he gained control of Normandy
by financing the crusading ventures of his brother Robert, Duke of Normandy.
He also invaded Scotland and brought it under his control in 1097.

William's reign was marked by a bitter quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church.
William kept the see of Canterbury vacant after the archbishop die in 1089, inorder to collect its revenues for himself. When he fell seriously ill in 1093,
he welcomed the election of Aneselm as archbishop to atone for his sins. But
when he recovered his health, he forced Anselm into exile. An arrow shot by a
fellow hunter killed William while he was hunting. The clergy refused to give
him a church funeral.
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Reference:
"The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, p WXYZ259.

William — {Unknown}. {Unknown} was born Abt 1059, Of, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 8XJ1-XS

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• AFN: 8XHZ-SV

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William I "The Conqueror" King Of England, Duke of Normandy was the first
Norman king of England. He inherited Normandy at the age of eight. During his
youth, there were many disorders. At the age of 20, he put down a great
rebellion at the battle of Val-es-dunes, which he won with the aid of his lord,
King Henry of France. From that time on, William ruled Normandy with an iron
hand.

In 1051, William visited England. King Edward the Confessor granted him the
succession to the English throne as his nearset adult heir. In 1064, Harold,
Edward's brother-in-law, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and was taken
prisoner. He promised to support William's claim to the throne in return for
his freedom. But when Edward died in 1066, Harold obtained the succession on
the basis of a deathbed grant by Edward and election by the nobles and prelates
of England.

William immediately invaded England. His expedition had the pope's blessings,
because William was expected to depose the Anglo-Saxon archbishop of Canterbury
and introduce ecclesiastical reforms. Before William could sail, the king of
Norway invaded northern England. King Harold hurried north and defeated the
Norwegian invaders at Stamford Bridge. William landed before Harold could
return to defend the coast. The Normans destroyed the Anglo-Saxon army and
killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings.

On Christmas Day, 1066, William was crowned king William then suppressed local
rebellions. He took lands from those who resisted him, and gave them to his
followers to hold in return for their military service to him. To emphasize
the legitimacy of his crown, William confirmed the laws of Edward the Confessor
and retained all the powers of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy. He levied Danegeld,
the only national tax on landed property in all of Europe at that time. At
Salisbury in 1086, he made all the landholders, even the vassals of his barons,
swear allegiance directly to him as king.

William was devout, firm in purpose, and unchanging in gaining his ends. His
greatest monument is Domesday Book, an exhaustive survey of the land, the
principal landholders, the farm population, and the material and financial
resources of his realm.

Buried in Abbey of St Stephen, Caen, Calvados, France
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Reference:
"The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, p W258-259

William married Matilda Countess Of Flanders, [Queen] 1052, Castle Of, Angi, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Baldwin V Count Flanders and Adele (Alix) Princess France) was born Abt 1030, Of, Flanders, France; died 27 Oct 1083, , Caen, Calvados, France; was buried Chrchholytrinity, Caen, Calvados, France. [Group Sheet]

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Queen of England

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• AFN: 8XJ0-S0

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Robert I "The Magnificent" Duke Of Normandy

Robert married Harlette De Falaise Abt 1022. Harlette (daughter of Fulbert De Falaise and Doda) was born Abt 1002, Of, Falaise, Clavados, France. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: GS5C-51

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Baldwin V Count Of Flanders

Baldwin married Adele (Alix) Princess France 1027, , Paris, Seine, France. Adele (daughter of Robert II "The Pious" France, King of France and Constance De Toulouse, Queen of France) was born 1008, , France; died 1078, Monastere De L'O, Messines, France; was buried Monastere De L'O, Messines, France. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 9HMQ-FK

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Adele (Alix), Princess Of France
Death place Monastere De L'Ordre De St. Benoist, Messines,, France
Burial Monastere De L'Ordre De St. Benoist, Messines,, France